PaveShare : A Segmental Paving Resource for Landscape Architects
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Case Study - Hong Kong Airport

12/10/2013

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Hong Kong International Airport represents the largest single airfield installation of interlocking concrete pavements. Since most of the airport is on reclaimed land, anticipated settlement required that flexible asphalt pavement be used instead of rigid concrete for runways. Concrete pavers also provide a more fuel-resistant surface than asphalt.


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LABash Design-Build Principles

9/20/2013

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The University of Georgia hosted the annual LABash conference during Spring, 2013. At this event, a design competition was held that featured the installation of an interlocking concrete pavement. The pdf below depicts a below-surface “design” element (5 layers) that is an important general principle to be considered during initial conceptual design phases. 




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Construction Principles

5/14/2013

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Athough there is much to be said about the actual construction process and installation procedures for concrete pavers, this section will only concentrate on those issues that have a direct bearing on the early stages of the design process. Portion of Harfmann/Day publication 


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Structure

5/14/2013

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The successful transferral of any vertical load through a segmentally paved area requires the incorporation of three principles. These principles must be utilized when installing open grid as well as solid interlocking pavers.  It is also important to note that all three principles in this section are equally important, however, they have been described in a hierarchy that is sensitive to the design process. (Portion of Harfmann/Day publication)


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Loading Advanced : Lesson Overview

10/25/2012

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This lesson introduces and then tests the viewer on the variables that must be considered when using segmental pavements to support pedestrian and vehicular loads on municipal streets. According to the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), the following four variables are critical to consider:


Lesson Components ::
ESALs & Loads
Soil Characteristics
Base Material
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Loading Advanced : ESALs & Loads

10/24/2012

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An ESAL is a standard unit that is used to measure the amount of damage vehicles inflict on a surface. 1 ESAL = the impact from a single 18,000-lb axle load. The damage to a pavement caused by one pass of a large tractor-trailer in exponentially greater than that caused by a two door sedan.

It takes roughly 20,000 passes of the sedan to cause the same amount of same amount of damage as one pass of a tractor-trailer. In these scenarios, the design ESALs will be predetermined. This is usually based on the expected traffic mix. Reference ASCE and ICPI Tech Spec 4 to calculate the appropriate ESAL rating to a design.


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Loading Advanced : Base Material

10/24/2012

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Aggregate bases stabilized with asphalt or cement are recommended under very heavy loads, and over weak or saturated soil subgrades. These are sometimes used when adequate aggregates are not available or when a stabilized base is more economical than unstabilized aggregate. Poor subgrade should be avoided if possible, but when it is necessary to build over weak soils there are several methods available to improve subgrade performance.


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Loading Advanced : Soil Characteristics

10/24/2012

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Soil characteristics play a major factor in the design of pavements. It is important to accurately assess the type of soil on a site. Soils are classified by the Unified Soils Classification method  (ASTM D2487, 2006a). Soils that have a course grain and good drainage are generally stronger than fine grained soils with poor drainage. For example a gravel soil with good drainage is significantly stronger than a clay soil with poor drainage.


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Design Tolerances

10/11/2012

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Dimensional tolerances are important on a paver’s structural efficiency. Rectangular and shaped blocks need to be designed to include their surrounding space; and their length to width ratio depends upon the final laying pattern. To optimize the block surfacing structural efficiency then every block must be specified and controlled within strict tolerances.


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Strength and Durability - Durability

10/11/2012

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This video demonstrates the flexing properties of interlocking concrete pavers. This flexing pattern allows for weight and pressure to be distributed evenly over the pavers, which as a result provides for a higher PSI (Pounds per Square Inch) and a material that is more durable than Asphalt or Poured Concrete. Interlocking pavers are proving to be a huge money saver with very little maintenance costs. The strength and durability of ICP can be seen in shipping ports, airports and other high density/heavy load areas.


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Microclimates - Marshy Roads

10/11/2012

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This study is focused on the implementation of interlocking pavers in marshy roads and high groundwater table terrain. Permeable interlocking concrete pavers were used to combat intrusion of underground/saline water for the road of case study (Akin-Adesola Street, Victoria Island, Lagos). Hydrogeologic data, i.e., groundwater level information for marshy roads terrain including the area of case study was obtained in form of investigation hole/borehole data. Different scientific tests and researches put together show the effectiveness and durability of the modified exfiltration system type of permeable pavement for high ground water table terrain. 


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October 11th, 2012

10/11/2012

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Loading Basics : Lesson Overview

9/28/2012

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The successful transferal of any vertical load through a segmental paved area requires the incorporation of three principles. These principles must be utilized when installing open grid as well as solid interlocking pavers. It is also important to note that all three principles are equally important.


3 Principles of Vertical Load Transfer

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1. Continuous/Contiguous
Describes the necessity of the pavers to be adjacent to each other for successful load transferal

GO TO >> Continuous
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2. Edge Restraint
Describes the need to contain the paved area for the proper development of horizontal forces.

GO TO >> Edge Restraint
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3. Five Layers
Describes the preparation of the base for the various load applications.

GO TO >> 5 Layers
A Guide for Design Integration of Concrete Pavers, Anton C. Harfmann, AIA; Gary E. Day, RA.
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Loading Basics : Continuous

9/25/2012

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Vertical loads are transferred through an assembly of units through the development shear between the units. When the units are placed next to each other in a tight arrangement, friction between the units is developed thereby mobilizing a large portion of the paved plane for load resistance. In order to develop the friction which develops the shear, the units must be continuous and contiguous within an arrangement. 


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September 24th, 2012

9/24/2012

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September 23rd, 2012

9/23/2012

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Permeable Design : Lesson Overview

9/22/2012

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When it comes to permeable paver design, several factors go into making a functional system.  One must size the system appropriately taking rainfall, infiltration rates, available area, void space, layer depth, and time all into consideration.  This lesson will introduce you to all those critical factors in these three lesson components:

How to Size a System

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GO TO >> SIzing

Location and its effects

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GO TO >> Location

Test your knowledge

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GO TO >> Exercise
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Permeable Design : Sizing

9/21/2012

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Successful permeable interlocking concrete pavements (PICP) rely on an adequately designed sub-surface retention system, properly sized to handle the amount of water both falling on and running into the PICP system.  Proper depth and open-graded material selection (void space) are essential. The formula listed below is used to determine base/subbase depth. 


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Permeable Design : Exercise

9/19/2012

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This learning animation walks you through many of the considerations for designing a ICP system.  Topics range from rainfall events, geographic range, soils, and substrates.  After completing the learning section, an interactive site allows your to choose different combinations of parking surface areas and base depth to hold a particular rain event. 
​(Animation currently being updated for 2018 - check back later!)


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Force Direction and Interlock

9/18/2012

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The Principle of Interlock:
Interlock is the inability of a paver to move independently from its neighbors. It is critical to the structural performance of interlocking concrete pavement. When considering design and construction, three types of interlock must be achieved: vertical, rotational, and horizontal interlock. These are illustrated in Figure 1.


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March 28th, 2012

3/28/2012

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Base Compaction

1/10/2012

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Most jobs will fail from improper base compaction. Learn how to compact your base in lifts and some helpful tips to determine if you have the proper compaction before you install pavers.


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Detail Mock-up

1/9/2012

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The goals of this exercise are to investigate, design and fabricate an interlocking concrete pavement module to assist in understanding structural and aesthetic considerations of connections (edge and unit-to-unit condi- tions) and/or innovative environmental function(s). The exercise’s learning objectives include the following:


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Detail Documentation

1/9/2012

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This project represents part two of the Implementation Studio Section.  The student will achieve the following goals and objectives: 1. Develop and refine your ability to conceptualize, graphically construct, and properly coordinate construction documents that clearly communicate the desired three-dimensional look, feel, and function of your final design. 2. Achieve technical accuracy and the desired aesthetic outcome(s) of each detail condition.


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Plan Documentation

1/9/2012

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After completing the final project with the Design Abstraction Sequence, you are ready to begin a series of studies that will translate your Systems Abstraction Design Proposal from schematic rendering into buildable elements. This process is known as Design Development, the products are known as Construction Documents.


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