There are several different applications for the use of segmental concrete pavers. Both the solid interlocking pavers and the open grid pavers can be utilized in the applications, however, each of the two types have more common applications that they are typically associated with. The typical applications are separated by the type of paver and the list belowincludes the applications and some of their specific uses. Following this basic introduction to the various applications, each one will be expanded upon on the subsequent pages. Each of the uses contains design examples and diagrams that illustrate the design variety in their use. Portion of Harfmann/Day publication
The common misconception about the topic of paving is that it is exclusively used for parking lots. In this section, two new concepts are introduced that redefine the way in which paving is viewed. The two major sections stimulate and promote thinking about the exterior horizontal surfaces in a non-traditional way and presents diagrams and illustrations that integrate the use of precast concrete pavers into the design of the built environment. Portion of Harfmann/Day publication
The issue of scale is a common concern when designing the large exterior surfaces of the urban carpet. Large monolithically paved surfaces do not tend to provide the human with any dimensional relationship to the environment on which their feet are planted. The use of segmental paving, by default, offers a direct dimensional relationship between the human and the individual units that make up the paved assembly. Portion of Harfmann/Day publication
The combinations of various patterns and colors of concrete pavers can be used to suggest different zones of use or activity. Segmental pavers can also be combined with traditional paving to achieve the same separation between activities or design elements. The use of individual units assembled to provide a continuous paved surface allows for the change in pattern or color of an individual unit or a group of units. The markers can be used for visual cues between activities or for indicating the location of subsurface utilities. Portion of Harfmann/Day publication
The term Green Structure is borrowed from the European planning model that links the natural "green" qualities of the environment with the organizing human "structure" of an urban or landscape design. The use of this concept can be applied to both urban and natural environments. The green structure is a mechanism to control or maintain the natural environment when intervention or urbanization has caused an imbalance. Portion of Harfmann/Day publication
Athough there is much to be said about the actual construction process and installation procedures for concrete pavers, this section will only concentrate on those issues that have a direct bearing on the early stages of the design process. Portion of Harfmann/Day publication
There are several various of sizes, shapes and pattern between the two basic types of segmental concrete pavers. Within each of the basic types of solid interlocking and open grid pavers there are many design variations and different names for the same shaped elements. This section attempts to identify the basic unit types by geometric configuration or type and illustrates the various design patterns that can be achieved using the unit Local manufacturers should be consulted on the specific patterns available. Portion of Harfmann/Day publication
The successful transferral of any vertical load through a segmentally paved area requires the incorporation of three principles. These principles must be utilized when installing open grid as well as solid interlocking pavers. It is also important to note that all three principles in this section are equally important, however, they have been described in a hierarchy that is sensitive to the design process. (Portion of Harfmann/Day publication)
Although concrete pavers can be more expensive initially than asphalt or reinforced concrete, it is important to consider the cost relative to the life cycle of the pavement as well. The initial costs for materials and installation and the life cycle costs are considered direct costs and are easily quantifiable. There are however, external costs that are not as easily quantifiable but must be considered when determining pavement options. These costs include environmental impact, road user costs during repairs, integration of other requirements, redesign, pavement rehabilitation and aesthetics. The segmental and precast nature of the concrete paving units capitalize on several of these aspects while reducing lifecycle costs. Portion of Harfmann/Day publication - Other advantages include: Design Variety, Safety, Zip and Unzip, and Environmental Impact.
The indivual units of interlocking concrete pavements support the concept of a "zipper" which can be undone and then redone in a simple manner. Since the pavers are interlocked and not permanently attached to one another, it is possible to remove several individual units and simply replace them once a repair is made. The final result is undetectable and inexpensive. It is an immediate response to the need to gain access to the surface below or for the repair of damaged areas of the surface. Portion of Harfmann/Day publication - Other advantages include: Design Variety, Safety, Environmental Impact, and Cost.
|